What is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome? Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap (patella), particularly during activities that involve knee bending, such as climbing stairs, squatting, running, or sitting for prolonged periods. It is often referred to as “runner’s knee” because of its prevalence among athletes,…
Kegel exercises, also called pelvic floor exercises, are simple yet powerful techniques designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles form a supportive hammock at the base of your pelvis, holding up organs like the bladder, uterus (in women), and rectum. Originally introduced by Dr. Arnold Kegel in the 1940s to help women recover…
What is Avascular Necrosis? Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis, is a medical condition in which bone tissue necroses due to a disruption in its blood supply. This lack of circulation leads to the gradual collapse of the bone structure, most commonly affecting the femoral head in the hip joint. If left untreated, AVN…
Introduction An Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common and serious knee injuries, particularly among athletes and physically active individuals. The ACL is a strong band of tissue that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and plays a critical role in stabilizing the knee during movement. When…
Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint condition characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage, changes in the underlying bone, and inflammation of surrounding tissues. It is one of the leading causes of knee pain and disability in adults, particularly affecting individuals over the age of 50, although it can also occur in…
While often overshadowed by more glamorous muscle groups like biceps or abs, the hamstrings are powerhouse engines critical for movement, stability, and injury prevention. Yet, hamstring weakness is a surprisingly common and frequently overlooked issue, lurking beneath the surface until it manifests as pain, dysfunction, or injury. Understanding the causes, recognizing the signs, and knowing…
Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects many individuals, particularly those with a history of lower back pain, pregnancy, or trauma. The sacroiliac joints connect the sacrum (the triangular bone at the base of the spine) to the pelvis, providing stability and shock absorption for the upper body. When…
Introduction Coccydynia, also called tailbone pain, refers to discomfort or tenderness in the coccyx, the small, triangular bone at the very bottom of the spine. This condition can range from mild tenderness to severe, sharp pain that worsens with sitting, standing, or certain movements. While coccydynia is not life-threatening, it can significantly impact daily activities…
Introduction with Evidence-Based Practice Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most common overuse injuries, particularly among runners, athletes, and individuals engaged in repetitive lower limb activity. This condition affects the Achilles tendon — the body’s largest and strongest tendon, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneus). Despite being a robust structure, the Achilles…
Deep Gluteal Syndrome (DGS), often referred to as Piriformis Syndrome, is a condition where the sciatic nerve is compressed or irritated by structures within the deep gluteal space, most commonly the piriformis muscle. This condition leads to pain, numbness, or tingling that spreads from the buttocks down the leg, similar to sciatica. Though it’s not…
